Kalibangan

Kalibangan lies on the southern bank of the Ghaggar in Pilibanga tehsil, between Suratgarh and Hanumangarh in northern Rajasthan, about 205 kilometres from Bikaner. The Italian Indologist Luigi Tessitori first recognised its ruins as prehistoric and pre-Mauryan, before the Indus civilisation itself had been identified. Braj Lal of the Archaeological Survey of India excavated it between 1960 and 1970, though the full report appeared only in 2003.

Its findings presented Kalibangan as an important regional capital of the Indus civilisation, growing into a planned city around 2900 BC. The site is known for its distinctive fire altars and for what is described as the world's earliest attested ploughed field. It has also been identified as lying in the triangle of land where the Drishadvati met the Sarasvati.