Parumala Valiya Panayannarkavu Devi Temple

Parumala Valiya Panayannarkavu Devi Temple is in Parumala, a village island in the Pamba river in Pathanamthitta district, on about four acres among tall palmyra palms and forest, with the river to the west. It is dedicated to Bhadrakali and Shiva and is ranked with Thirumandhamkunnu and Kodungallur as one of Kerala's three foremost Bhadrakali temples. Folklore holds that Parashurama installed the Shiva image and the sages Durvasa and Narada the goddess, and it is listed among Kerala's 108 Shiva temples. The Aithihyamala and the Unnuneeli Sandesam both mention it.

The complex faces north. Shiva is the main deity, but the Saptha Matha, the seven mother goddesses, are the ruling power in daily worship, and Chamundi, slayer of the demon Raktabija, holds the fiercest place among them as Kali. The temple is noted for its murals: those around the rectangular main shrine are thought older than those on the square sanctum, and the work is believed to have been completed under the last king of Odanad.