Fort Santo Estevão

Fort Santo Estevão occupies the top of Santo Estevão island in Goa, its highest ground. The Portuguese first put up a watchtower here in 1550 to guard the Mandovi River, and it was the easternmost defence of the Velhas Conquistas. After Maratha raids on Goa in 1666–68, it was enlarged into a small fort.

During the attack of 1683, the Marathas broke onto the island when the auxiliary troops meant to defend it fled; they took the fort and killed its garrison. Once the Novas Conquistas were annexed, the fort no longer served a military purpose, and a decree of Viceroy Bernardo José Maria da Silveira e Lorena had it abandoned in 1811. Restoration work was carried out in 2012.